Racism in Othello      Samuel Taylor Coleridge's Literary Remains is just one of the essays that presents an attack on Shakespeare for his lack of realism in the 'monstrous' depiction of a marriage between a 'beautiful Venetian girl,' and a 'veritable negro,' in Othello. He sees Shakespeare's transformation of a 'barbarous negro' into a respected soldier and nobleman of stature as 'ignorant', since at the time, 'negroes were not known except as slaves.' (Appendix) The extract seems to raise two questions - how central is the taboo of miscegeny to the play, and to what extent is Othello's reputation able to counter this prejudice?            It is certainly not hard to conclude that Othello is probably Shakespeare's most controversial play. There is a clear theme of racism throughout, one which was firmly embedded in the Venetian society which rejects the marriage of Othello and Desdemona as erring, 'against all rules of nature,' [1.3.102] Nothing separates Othello from, 'the wealthy curled darlings of our nation,' [1.2.68] except skin-color - he matches or even exceeds them in reputation. At the start of the play, he appears confident that, OTHELLO: My parts, my title, and my perfect soul Shall manifest me rightly. Othello 1.2.31-2 when he is called in front of the court on charges of witchcraft, yet the malevolent Iago is able to call on Othello's deep-rooted insecurities about his race in order to play Othello and Desdemona against one another until their marriage fails. Essentially, Iago is a representative of the white race, a pre-Nazi figure who tries to inform the public of the impurity of Othello and Desdemona's marriage. He demonstrates how this miscegenation is threatening to the existing socia... ... that nothing could be made too marked for the senses of his audience, had practically sanctioned it, -- would this prove aught concerning his own intention as a poet for all ages? Can we imagine him so utterly ignorant as to make a barbarous negro plead royal birth, --at a time, too, when negroes were not known except as slaves? -- As for Iago's language to Brabantio, it implies merely that Othello was a Moor, that is, black .... No doubt Desdemona saw Othello's visage in his mind; yet, as we are constituted, and most surely as an English audience was disposed in the beginning of the seventeenth century, it would be something monstrous to conceive this beautiful Venetian girl falling in love with a veritable negro. It would argue a disproportionateness, a want of balance, in Desdemona, which Shakespeare does not appear to have in the least contemplated.'  Â
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To what extent to risk ,rewards and motives contribute towards an entrepreneurs goals - Essay Example In the current era it can be seen it is mostly the motive of growth that is followed. However, such long-term visions or motives cannot be shared at lower level of the organization. Therefore, long-terms objectives are divided into small achievable tasks and goals in order to bring in a sense of achievement. Thus, in order to keep the employees motivated rewards are offered at the completion of the goals assigned, both at an individual and team level (Joanne, et al., 2013). Reward systems hold a strategic importance for an organization. Human resource being an important contributor in the operations and success of the organization often requires some risks to be taken in order to grow, especially entrepreneurs that try to excel with limited resources. Thus strategic management of all these factors risks, rewards and motives is very important for the success and growth of an organization. Contribution of risks in achievement of goals Every project, action or the decision that the management would take definitely has associated intrinsic and extrinsic risks. With growing business competition and globalization of economies the risks are increasing, not only the larger organizations but also for SMEs and entrepreneurs. It is often said “high risk high return, low risk low returnâ€. Thus, in order to increase profits and operations of a business, entrepreneurs take risks. The important thing is how these risks are managed. Risk management today has become a critical part of the strategic management of an organization. It allows the identification of the risks and events that can hamper the proceedings of the project, as per planning. It even doesn’t allow its successful completion (John, et al., 2005). Identification of risks allows, in advance, to take precautionary measures. Hence, it gives the control to management to exploit the situation. This further gives an advantage to the organization. It is the strength of the strategic management that can make the risk to be the critical contributing sector in success of the organization; rather than a diminishing factor that would curtail the progress of the organization. Example of a multinational organization such as Walmart can be taken. Walmart used expansion as the growth strategy. They expanded into new markets facing new and extended risks. Pre-identification and analysis of such risks allowed them to exploit the events in their resources, as risk management had given them the opportunity to make better decisions and allowed them optimum use of their resources. Rewards and Motivation Reward and recognition system holds a critical importance in the human resource management of the organization. Employees or personnel are a major factor that decide the output, productivity and growth of the organization. They are the ones who would be converting the ideas and decisions of the management into actions. Management often splits their long-term objectives into short-terms goals and assigns tasks to each employee, individually or as a team. However these are the organizational goals that the employees are working for and they might be different than that of personal goals of an employee. It is the responsibility of the management to align the organizational goals with the employee. Hence, they should work for the benefits of both. It can be said that money is a motivational factor. As per Maslow’s need hierarchy theory, it satisfies the basic needs of an individual. However besides rewards, recognition is
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